Rhetorical Analysis Bittman

The Rhetorical Analysis of the Seriousness of Food Thinking about the importance and significance of food respective to our health, ethnic culture and society can cause cavernous, profound, and even questionable thoughts such as: â€Å"Is food taken for granted? †, â€Å"Is specialty foods just a fad or a change in lifestyle? †, and even â€Å"Is food becoming the enemy. † Mark Bittman, an established food journalist, wrote an article called â€Å"Why take food seriously? † In this article, Bittman enlightens the reader with a brief history lesson of America’s appreciation of food over the past decades.This history lesson leads to where the social standing of food is today and how it is affecting not only the people of America, but also the rest of the world. Bittman attempts to display awareness in his audience by supporting his argument and encouraging his readers to see his perspective through three proofs of persuasion: ethos, logos, and pathos. Bittman’s ethos is immediately realized simply through who his stature. Bittman has been a food journalist for the past thirty two years. Within that time, he has managed to write bestselling books including: â€Å"How to Cook Everything†, â€Å"How to Cook Everything Vegetarian†, and â€Å"Food Matters. He also writes for the New York Times in his own weekly column called â€Å"The Minimalist. † Along with professional experience, there is personal experience. The article opens with Bittman stating, â€Å"Our relationship with food is changing more rapidly than ever, and like many others, I’ve watched in awe. † Bittman has been a food journalist since 1980. Therefore, he has witnessed the ever changing perspective of food in society with an â€Å"unusual† perspective. He has observed and followed the effects of which foods has brought forth to health, media, and the rest of the world.This gives the reader a sense of trust because h e has experienced it first hand. Even with his palpable experience and expertise with food, his ethos is continued throughout the article. Bittman exemplifies his ethos through his use of sarcasm. He says, â€Å"Each year, each month it sometimes seems, there are more signs that convenience, that mid-20th-century curse word, may give way to quality — even what you might call wholesomeness — just before we all turn into the shake-sucking fatties of â€Å"Wall-E. † The movie â€Å"Wall-E† is an extremely recent and popular Pixar film.It is about Earth no longer providing living conditions for life. This causes humans to live in a space craft where robots did essentially everything for them; the result, â€Å"shake-sucking fatties. † Bittman’s use of sarcasm throughout the entire article adds a comic relief giving the reader a sense that Bittman is just a normal funny guy. Along with using his humor, Bittman makes references to well known figu res in today’s society, like â€Å"Wall-E. † By doing this, Bittman shows that he is current and up to date with media and society.He references, â€Å"We were ripe for the Food Network’s Emeril, Rachael, Mario and Bobby, who created a buzz based on celebrity that grabbed not only the middle-aged and the young but also the very young. † Food network is incredibly popular along with the network’s stars that Bittman referenced. Bittman displays that he is well knowledgeable of who is who and what is what in today’s society. Bittman’s ethos is exemplified through his professional and personal experiences, along with his humor and up to date knowledge of media. Bittman goes on to establish logos through structure.He begins with a quick introduction of who he is and discloses the problem of society’s relationship with food and it â€Å"changing rapidly. † Bittman then presents a brief history lesson starting with before the 1 950’s leading to today. He says, â€Å"Until 50 years ago, of course, every household had at least one person who took food seriously every day. But from the 1950s on, the majority of the population began contentedly cooking less and less, eating out more and more and devouring food that was worse and worse, until the horrible global slop served by fast-food and â€Å"casual dining† chains came to dominate the scene.One result: an unprecedented rise in obesity levels and a not-unrelated climb in health-care costs. † Bittman continues to go through each decade presenting new facts about what was the â€Å"thing† or â€Å"latest fad† at that time. For example he says, â€Å"Of course, food continues to be fetishized;  organic food  has been commodified; the federal government subsidizes almost all of the wrong kinds of food production; supermarkets peddle way too much nonreal food (â€Å"junk food† or, to use my mother’s word, â₠¬Å"dreck†); and weight-loss diets still discourage common-sense eating. By individually going through each decade, it helps the reader see the evidence Bittman presents. It then furthers what society’s relationship towards food has evolved into. Also, it allows the reader to understand and relate. The reader, depending on their age, can mentally travel back to previous decades and think back to instances they remember experiencing themselves. Bittman establishes logos through structuring a time line for the reader to understand and relate to. Lastly Bittman exerts pathos through his mood and tone. The mood of the article transfers into awareness and humorous but possibly the actual reality.The reader can distinguish Bittman’s attempt to raise awareness for the topic from his presentation of what he believes to be the real issues, â€Å"The real issues — how do we grow and raise, distribute and sell, prepare and eat food? And how do our patterns of doing t hese things affect the rest of the world (and vice versa)? — are simply too big to ignore. † By Bittman directly pointing out what the â€Å"real issues† are, the reader is automatically more aware of the problems with food. The reader now ponders what they can change and do or learn to help relinquish the issues at hand.Bittman continues to raise awareness, more so in a comical way, when he states: â€Å"This has led  many Americans to think as much about food as they do about â€Å"Survivor† or the  N. F. L  Ã¢â‚¬â€ which is to say a lot — and its preparation is no longer limited to what was once called a housewife. † Bittman’s is saying this too purposely so the reader has an eye opener moment, while others may get a chuckle out of it. Either way, Bittman is trying to compel the reader to be conscious of what the importance and significance of food has become. Bittman uses his sarcasm to enforce awareness upon the reader.Bitt man’s tone throughout the article ranges from sarcastic to passionate to a want for change. He says, â€Å"I’ve never been more hopeful. (In fact, I was never hopeful at all until recently. )† Bittman is stating that he believes there is potential for change and people are realizing that food needs to be taken seriously. He continues to express his sense of humor intermixed with his passion and hope for change when he concludes the article with, â€Å"Perhaps just in time, we’re saying, â€Å"Hold the shake,† and looking for something more wholesome. † Bittman is ending the scene and leaving the reader with something to ponder.Bittman sets his tone and the mood of the article to leave a lasting impression on the reader. Mark Bittman used the three proofs of persuasion to better appeal to his audience. He exemplifies ethos by using his professional and personal experiences. Bittman then moves on to establish logos through the structure of a t ime line of facts for the reader to understand and relate to. Lastly, Bittman creates pathos with his spewing emotion of passion, awareness, and sarcasm. He portrays these emotions through his tone and mood. Bittman uses the three proofs of persuasion to open the readers eyes to the seriousness of food.

Economic globalization makes rich get richer, poor get poorer Essay

Economic globalization is the unifying of all the economic systems and markets worldwide. The world obviously is nowhere near true globalization, but countries are making huge strides towards it. There is a premise that globalization makes rich countries richer and poor countries poorer. However, I do not agree with this. Firstly, it is true that the rich may very well get richer by globalization. It opens up new investment opportunities and new growth and if they are wise they can benefit financially. Take the recent boom in emerging markets. It is mainly the rich who have access to invest in these markets, and thus, the rich get richer. I would argue, however, that globalization has a very strong force to actually make the rich poorer. For examle, there has been much talk about outsourcing and that it is bad for America because American jobs get moved abroad. Now those Americans who have had their jobs outsourced are certainly poorer, and in this scenario the Americans are the rich so once again the rich got poorer. The idea that the poor get poorer is in most ways unfounded. Sweat-shops are an example of a terrible characteristic of globalization. Nevertheless, the use of sweat-shops is declining thanks to consumer pressure. Additionally, sweat-shops are a function of the governments of the countries in which they exist. It is not globalization’s fault that people are treated poorly in a country, but rather it is the fault of that government for not looking out for the welfare of its people. Beyond that, though, I believe globalization is helping the poor get richer. To start, take the example in the previous paragraph and reverse it. While Americans losing their jobs get poorer, workers in other countries get richer. Multinational corporations are finding these developing countries provide very appealing investment opportunities and so they are putting their money into these countries, by so doing, helping them to grow and enriching their citizens. Globalization typically leads to the industrialization of countries that have not been industrialized and makes the world a better place for everyone.

23andMe Completion, Competitors and their Products Assignment

23andMe Completion, Competitors and their Products - Assignment Example The main competitors for the company include deCODEme genetics, Navigenics and pathways genomics. The deCODEme genetics is situated in Iceland and is used to identify various human genes that are associated with a variety of human genes that have been associated with various common diseases. It is known to have isolated a variety of genes known to be involved with schizophrenia, cardiovascular disease and even cancer. Pathway Genomics is located in San Diego and is also privately held and it deals with personal genomics. It uses advanced technologies of genetic testing to come up with a personalized report regarding the career status of an individual, the response of medication, ancestral history and the probability of the development of a variety of complex diseases. The company then provides this report to the patient in the presence of a physician. Navigenics is also privately held and it also deals with personal genomics and is located in the Foster City in California. It makes u se of genetic testing to assist people in the identification of their individual risks for various health conditions facing them. 23andMe offers their saliva genome testing kit for only $99. The only thing that a client has to do is to spit into a tube and mail it to the company. The company then comes up with results for the client in question and uploads it online for the client to download using their personal details. This makes the company quite effective and time-saving as opposed to the competitors. For instance, deCODEme had announced the availability of online services by individuals sending a cheek swab for their details about the risk of diseases and their ancestry for $985. They had launched this service in 2007 and it had a relative advantage of offering a comprehensive genome scan and analysis online. However,  this online service was discontinued in 2007 giving 23andMe the relative advantage of continuing its online genome testing service in a more cost-effective manner.  

Effective Leadership Styles Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Effective Leadership Styles - Movie Review Example In this paper, the leadership skills reflected by Carter will be discussed and the focus of which will be mainly on goal setting, self-motivation, determination, evaluation and communication. From the time the coach went to the school where he coached, he made it clear to the team that he is the team leader and the players are his team members. It is believed that such clear lay-out of the roles of each member helps in making the goals as well as the rules and regulations clearly defined so that they may be achieved in due time. Before the team even started with their rehearsals, the coach made the goal very clear and he even gave them contracts to sign in order for them to take things more seriously. There was not only verbal explanation given to the students but a meeting with their parents was also called for to make them understand the situation and for them to be informed also of the contract the students agreed upon. Kinicki et.al consider goals as the starting point for all mo tivations because having an objective keeps people focused on the things they must do in order for them to achieve their goals. ... Trying to simultaneously achieve the short term and long term goals have been extremely challenging to Carter but these always made him more focused on the steps he needed to take. Although his team was undefeated, which would be every coach’s dream; Carter was not satisfied with their performances because they failed to live by the contract that they agreed upon from the start of his job. Therefore, he travelled an extra mile in order to help further the players in their academic performances. He made sacrifices with his time and decisions, not wavered by the arguments of his colleagues, students and their parents. He stuck to his priorities and was focused ore than ever with his goals. Detractors abound in every corner and they could either serve as challenges or obstacles that stop people from achieving their goals. In The Art of Leadership, Dag Heward-Mills encourages leaders to become self-motivated (2006) and not to expect direction or encouragement from outside. Indeed, more often than not, people can easily become pessimistic and become discouragements rather than encouragements. Thus, it is important that leaders should have that spirit of motivating themselves first and foremost before getting motivated by others. In the film mentioned earlier, Carter was surrounded by oppositions and impossibilities but he knew his goals and he knew he could succeed if he did his best. While most of his colleagues were encouraging him to give in to the clamor of the students and parents to let the students play despite their failing grades, Carter sought to achieve his goals, clinging to his set of rules and not compromising his principles. In line with the motivation that Carter had, he was also determined to

Politics of contemporary Middle East & North African Essay

Politics of contemporary Middle East & North African - Essay Example A historical perspective The history of Egypt was changed after the Arab conquest of 641. The military commander Amr ibn al As initiated the processes of the Islamization and Arabization. From the ninth century Egypt was ruled by strong autonomous dynasties and the destiny of the country was in the hands of hereditary dynasties (History of Egypt). Adelson stated: The Middle East, if I may adopt a term which I have not seen, will some day need its Malta, as well as its Gibraltar; it does not follow that either will be in the Persian Gulf. Naval force has the quality of mobility which carries with it the privilege of temporary absences; but it needs to find on every scene of operation established bases of refit, of supply, and in case of disaster, of security. The British Navy should have the facility to concentrate in force if occasion arise, about Aden, India, and the Persian Gulf (Adelson, 1995). North Africa underwent substantial changes in the 5th century. Tunisia was invaded by E uropean tribes. Starting from 7th to 15th centuries Tunisian population experienced numerous migrations and Jews and Hispanics Muslims entered this country. Tunisia as Arab cultural center was known as the Turkish Ottoman Empire until it was protected by France in 1881. Starting from 1956 this country gained independence, but there is still a close connection with France on political, economic and cultural levels (History of Tunisia).   According to John Foster Dulles,  the Middle East is "the area lying between and including  Libya  on the west and  Pakistan  on the east,  Syria  and  Iraq  on the North and the Arabian peninsula to the south, plus the  Sudan  and  Ethiopia" (Davison, 1960). Sir Ignatius stated that  Middle East  means "those regions of Asia which extend to the borders of  India  or command the approaches to India" (Adelson, 1995). Current events The main common feature between Tunisia and Egypt is a repressive regime, which is appr opriate for other Middle Eastern autocracies (Egypt and the  Middle East:  revolution  or evolution?) In spite of a social turmoil, it is relevant to note that Tunisia is â€Å"an economically successful state† (Dunne 2010). In accordance with data of the World Economic Forum's  Global Competitiveness Index 2010  Tunisia  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœgained the lead’ in comparison with Poland,  Italy and  Spain. In 2010 Tunisia was â€Å"a country for tourism, not terrorism† (Burger 2010). Social support of the government enabled pregnant women to receive prenatal care; there were favorable conditions for businessmen to start their business in 11 days (Burger 2010). In spite of the mentioned data, an oppressive regime of President Zine el-Abidine Ben Alikept has been an issue of a great concern for Tunisian society. 90s were marked by imprisonment of more than 10,000 political opponents, Islamists, or ‘suspected enemies’ (Burger 2010).  There was no cha nce to criticize Tunisian government. Tunisia was known as the country with the most repressive regime. Among Middle Eastern dictatorships,  Tunisia  was considered one of the most repressive. Thus, a current protest of public in Tunisia is often compared to a ‘dog who barks in a desert’ (Burger 2010). Voiceless people are not afraid and finally express their ideas versus their government, their real

How Can a Child with ADHD Be Supported And Included In School Essay

How Can a Child with ADHD Be Supported And Included In School Education - Essay Example Potential teacher factors which might be important to consider in such compatibility equations are discussed, along with the implications of these variables for school-based assessment and intervention processes and future research. A substantial literature on children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has accumulated over the past 2 decades. An impressive portion of this literature has addressed the difficulties students with ADHD experience in school classrooms and the efficacy of interventions to minimize these difficulties. Medication and behaviour management procedures remain the two most commonly employed school-based interventions for children with ADHD (Rapport, 1992, 155-163). Due to well-documented limitations associated with both strategies, some combination of the two is generally accepted as the optimal approach to treatment. Nevertheless, an increasingly common finding in studies which examine the efficacy of such a combined approach to treatment is the considerable variability in treatment response among individual students (Pelham, 1993). As such, a case-by-case assessment of treatment ingredients and potencies is necessary (Abramowitz, 1994; Hoza, 1992). Hence, successful sch ool outcomes for students with ADHD depend upon the degree to which treatment components and potencies match the needs of particular children. This "match" between treatment and student may best be conceptualized as a "compatibility equation" (in this case, student-treatment compatibility) in which characteristics of both child and treatment are taken into consideration in planning treatment and evaluating outcome. Studies examining student response to treatment can be criticized for an almost singular focus on treatment ingredients, as well as a relative neglect of student characteristics that may mediate treatment outcome. Yet perhaps the most striking limitation of school-based treatment outcome research has been the lack of consideration of teacher characteristics that may have a significant bearing on outcome. Two additional compatibility equations --teacher-treatment compatibility (the match between different teachers and different treatment ingredients and potencies) and student-teacher compatibility (the match between a particular teacher and a particular student with ADHD with regard to a variety of factors) -- have been virtually ignored. This article suggests that a more adequate and predictive model from which to conceptualize classroom outcome for students with ADHD will be one in which "teacher factors" are given greater consideration. Goodness-of-Fit and System Theory The terms compatibility and match can be traced most directly to the goodness-of-fit literature (Thomas, 1998). Goodness-of-fit is a concept that has been applied productively to child-care-giver interactions (Bell & Harper, 2003; Thomas & Chess, 2001); several authors have noted that the concept may be relevant to child-teacher

Hurricanes Geography Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hurricanes Geography - Research Paper Example As wind speed exceeds 74 miles per hour a hurricane is born. Hurricanes usually formed from warm water in the tropical region. Water is usually 800F (270C) in this part of the earth. In a year, four hurricanes develop in the Atlantic region and an approximate of sixty hurricanes rise from tropical seas and swirls through the globe. Coastal areas are the most prone to danger because hurricanes are formed in the sea. Hurricanes in the United States mostly come from the tropical and subtropical waters of the Pacific Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, the CaribbeanSea and the Atlantic Ocean. Some are small and others are large. But whatever the case, hurricanes are the mightiest of all storms. Hurricanes are natural phenomena that can be dangerous and destructive but is perfectly designed by nature to serve a purpose. It is essential to maintain the optimal warm temperature of the earth. Hurricanes suck up warm water from the sea surface to its eye wall and when it rise up it condenses forming r ains showers. These rain waters arid lands and alleviates drought in some hot locations. Anatomy of a Hurricane Hurricanes do not occur everywhere in the world. You can never find hurricanes in cold locations like the Antarctic and Arctic regions of the earth. Hurricanes start from storm seeds mainly from the west coast of tropical areas like the Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Small atmospheric disturbance occur that creates low pressure area. Air is pushed through this low pressure area by the surrounding high pressure environment. Warm tropical sea water transfer heat to air so it rises as it nears the center. It speeds up the acceleration of rising air thus providing energy for the developing storm. Hot air then comes into contact with cold air aloft and results into thunderstorms. If the conditions are favorable like locations with high humidity and hot weather, a hurricane is most likely being formed. Low pressure systems with accompanying thunderstorms are called tropical cyclones. These tropical cyclones rotate counter clockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphere. This cyclonic behavior is due to the earths Coriolis Effect. Tropical disturbance is reported for a group of thunderstorms in the tropics that are present for at least 24 hours. It is then escalated to tropical wave status when it reaches winds with 25mph moving in all direction. The time it develops circulation, that’s the time it is called a tropical cyclone. Tropical depression is a tropical cyclone with wind speeds of at least 38 mph. When the tropical cyclone’s wind reaches 39 to 73 mph, it is then labeled tropical storm. Tropical storm has showers and thunderstorms that are moving closer to circulation. Hurricane is termed for the most severe category of tropical cyclone with maximum sustained winds of 74 mph. At this level, an eye is developed at the center of the cyclone. The coverage of the thundersto rms varies depending on the intensity and wind speed of the hurricane. Source: http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/guides/mtr/hurr/stages/home.rxml Hurricanes have area that is relatively cloudless and calm. This area is called the eye of the hurricane and it is located at the center of the tropical cyclone. The eye is usually 20 to 30 m wide for a storm that has diameter of 400 miles across. The area immediate to the eye is called the eye

American History (Political Parties) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American History (Political Parties) - Essay Example It is also important to realize that the party leadership originally consisted of the former anti-slavery members of the Whig Party and the Democratic Party and they argued that free men on free soil was a superior system to slavery, in view of moral and economic aspects of the system. When the Free Soil Party evolved in the 1840s, it functioned as a third party which developed out of the split between pro- and anti-slavery movements. "National politics was controlled primarily by two parties, Democratic and Whig. Within both parties there were supporters and opponents of slavery, and the issue became more heated as the U.S. added territory. Proponents of slavery wanted to extend it into the newly acquired territories, while opponents wanted the territories to remain free. The issue grew especially heated among members of the state Democratic Party in New York." (Free-Soil Party) This is the platform upon which the Free-Soil Party was established in August 1848 at a meeting of anti-s lavery members of the Whig Party and the Liberty Party. The most important slogan of the Free Soil Party was "free soil, free speech, free labor, and free men" and it rigorously opposed the extension of slavery into the western territories. The Free Soil Party, though a short-lived political party, illustrates the Second Party System in the U.S. ... The historians and political scientists refer to the Second Party System to name the political party system which was in existence in the United States from about 1828 to 1854. The First Two-Party System in the U.S. politics incorporated the Federalists and the Republicans during 1780s - 1801. During the period 1836 - 1850, the Second Two-Party System was in place incorporating the Democrats, led by Andrew Jackson, and the Whigs, under the leadership of Henry Clay. The minor parties during this period included the Anti-Masonic Party, the abolitionist Liberty Party, and the anti-slavery Free Soil Party in 1848 and 1852. There have been several pertinent reasons for the death of the Second Party System and one of the major reasons is the Kansas-Nebraska Act and new political parties. "The Kansas-Nebraska Act fatally weakened America's second two-party system, splitting both parties along regional lines. Northern Whigs found themselves at odds with southern members of the party; souther n Whigs abandoned the party altogether to join the Democrats, who were more clearly supporting slavery. Many Northern Democrats were increasingly sympathetic to parties like the Free Soilers. At the same time, several new political parties emerged, all of which spoke mostly regional issues. By 1856, there were no longer any national political parties." (Schultz, 224) Therefore, there are various pertinent reasons behind the Death of the Second Two Party System and new political parties arose in place of this system included the Anti-Masonic Party, the abolitionist Liberty Party, and the anti-slavery Free Soil Party. It is important to realize that America's Second Two-Party System was destroyed mainly due to the

Analysis of Hero Sara Crewe (Liesel Matthews) in the Film A Little Movie Review

Analysis of Hero Sara Crewe (Liesel Matthews) in the Film A Little Princess - Movie Review Example   The official hero â€Å"represented the American belief in collective action and the objective legal process that superseded private notions of right and wrong† (Ray 1). At first sight, Sara Crewe appears to embody the qualities of the official hero – a smart, pretty, young lady who possesses a strong moral and ethical grounding. Growing up to a rich family, she speaks French and has lived most of her childhood years in India. In the film, she constantly speaks about how much she loves her father, and how badly she misses her mother who passed away during childbirth. Sara is a picture of an honest, beautiful, and loving daughter who seemed to have everything. Ray also talks about how the official hero embodies â€Å"the best attributes of adulthood: sound reasoning and judgment [and] wisdom and sympathy based on experience† (2). Sara, as young as she was, maybe childish at times but she often comes across as an adult trapped in an adolescent body. In a letter to her father, she writes about the strict rules in the school that she reluctantly follows but, nevertheless, believes that those rules are there for a reason. Although the rebelling heart is there, the young mind of Sara is willing to understand and accept rules displaying a certain degree of maturity and sound judgment. â€Å"The official heroes were predominantly worldly, comfortable in society, and willing to undertake even those public duties demanding personal sacrifice† (Ray 3). Sara knows very well the class segment she belongs to – an heiress to a British father who mined precious stones for business. Her father constantly tells her in the film that she is a princess. Possessing these worldly qualities, however, Sara keeps her feet on the ground and treats everyone as her equal. Upon learning that the black servant girl, Becky (Vanessa Lee Chester), was not allowed to speak with the students, Sara went out of her way to give Becky a pair of new shoes. That s mall gesture started the relationship that eventually blossomed into a lifelong friendship between the two. 3. The Outlaw Hero Qualities of Sara Crewe While some qualities of Sara make her an official hero, she is predominantly driven by outlaw hero qualities. First, Sara is driven by â€Å"whims, tantrums, and emotional decisions† that characterize an outlaw hero (Ray 1). In one scene in the film, Miss Minchin (Eleanor Bron) tells Sara that jewelries are not allowed in the class. Sara pleads to be allowed to wear the necklace in her room instead, and gets instant approval from Miss Minchin. Sara’s little whims and tantrums are somehow an indicator of her rebellious heart. In a reading class, after seeing her classmates doze on and off while listening to the reader, Sara changes the plot of the story and inserts make-believe characters. This wakes up her sleepy classmates and at the same time irritates Miss Minchin.  

Rough Draft Puritans Essay Example for Free

Rough Draft Puritans Essay In the middle of the 1600’s, from around the 1630’s to about the 1660’s the Puritans were fleeing to America for mostly religious reasons. Many of them came to set up what is called the Massachusetts Bay colony. John Winthrop was the leader of this colony. They believed religion was the key to the perfect community. Puritans had many influences on the political, economic, and social development of the New England colonies using their religious values. Puritans had so many influences on the political outcome of the New England colonies. The form of government they had created was almost like a theocracy, where God’s law is law. A lot of the New England colonies didn’t want this at all. Nathaniel Ward (doc G) was trying to tell them that the state laws needed to go along with the morals of the church, or a lot of bad things might happen. Even though Ward stated this, a lot of the colonies already had religious tolerance so they didn’t base the laws from the church morals. In â€Å"Limitation of Government,† John Cotton (doc H) is saying that the government shouldn’t be all that good because any ‘mortal’ man will abuse it. This is sort of like a democracy, which the New England colonies will develop a government almost like this. Roger Williams (doc F) says that states should only have one religion each. If they acquire more than one religion, it could only begin a war. This basically shows that puritans were not very tolerant of other religions. Quite a few people believed there should be religious tolerance, people like Roger Williams, who was sent to Rhode Island by the Puritans. Then Rhode Island became one of the first colonies to obtain a separation of religion and state, which made it a colony for freedom of religion.

Beliefs Or Knowledge That Is Independent Of Culture

Beliefs Or Knowledge That Is Independent Of Culture The prescribed topic assumes that knowledge and beliefs are linked to culture .so what is knowledge?, what are beliefs?, what is culture?.Belief is defined as a principle or idea considered to be true (Websters dictionary, 2004) .By this definition the meaning that I got was belief is a conviction or an opinion without caring whether there is proof or not. So what is knowledge? Knowledge is what one knows, the body of facts accumulated over a period of time (Websters dictionary,2004). What is culture? Culture is appreciation and understanding of the arts, skills of a given people in a given period. Another definition is culture is the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a religious, social or racial group All this definitions led to the question as to how knowledge, belifs and culture are acquired by a person. So how do we acquire knowledge? Knowledge is usually acquired through sensory perception an example being a curios little boy will acquire the knowledge that cactus plants are not meant to be held by the naked hand after he/she touches the plant and feels the pain. Knowledge can also be acquired through logical operations and emotional reactions. This kind of knowledge is caused by biological responses to stimuli, and could be considered not to be dependent of culture an example being facial expressions which are not taught or learned but they are biologically determined. So how is culture acquired? Culture is basically instilled in us when we are born. An example being me as I was born in Kenya and grew up in an Islamic background. So my culture is Islamic and Swahili and we do have our fair share of beliefs. Buddhists consider that knowledge is acquired through direct experience. So how is this experience achieved? Well the Buddhists achieve this experience by meditation opposite to the western traditions, which gives emphasis on a clear expression of thoughts and argument. Buddhists believe that words tend to expose the truth on the other hand, the recognition of Buddhists beliefs and customs for discovering the truth shows dependence of the culture of that knowledge. So are beliefs independent of culture? I will have to say yes on this. ? I will have to say yes on this. People may so no because some beliefs such as you must always wear clothes and shoes when leaving the house well I wont classify that as a belief but a ritual. Most beliefs are usually based on religion and culture. In the case of religion I as a Muslim have many beliefs that are dependent on my religion some of them being I must pray five times a day, the consequence of missing prayer is that we will burn in hell for a very long time. I believe in this theorem although there is no proof of sort but its a belief based on our religion. Beliefs that are based on my culture which is the Swahili culture are numerous. Some make sense and some do not make sense but I have no other choice than to live by these beliefs and follow them no matter what. A belief that I have always been told by my mother and has never ever made sense to me is that we should not clip our nails at night. I dont see how it applies in a real life situation. I usually cut my nails at night and so far so good nothing has happened to me. Another belief that is based on our culture is that we are told not to borrow salt at night. I dont know why it had to be salt but still like I said they do not make any sense to me at all, and we are expected to follow this beliefs although I think they dont make sense. But we do have to follow them, But some beliefs that my culture expects me to follow are somewhat sensible and I do follow them, examples of the sensible beliefs and rituals are like we should respect our parents and follow there each and every comm and, that is a belief that makes sense and I do believe that the people that do not live by this rule are actually bad people. I know there is no evidence that if you do not respect your parents you are going to get punished by the Almighty God but its a belief and in order to believe you dont need evidence or anything. All you need is your mind on whether to decide that you are going to believe in that belief or not. Another belief that I tend to differ with and is totally and purely based on culture is gender equality. I did some asking around and I found out in most of Kenyan tribes as well the Swahili culture tend to believe that men are more superior to women. They claim that man was created first so making them more superior and all that the women in our cultures should do is stay at home and prepare meals and clean the house while men are the bread winners. This is not such a wise belief, men and women are both humans so why should one kind be more superior than the other?, they were all created by the same creator!. With all this said I thing that all of my beliefs are independent of my culture. Some other people like the westerners who have no culture or dont know anything about their culture also have beliefs like the men should take care of their children and women, that is a belief that is common to all cultures in the world and also to those who dont have cultures so on an Americans p oint of view not all of their beliefs are based on the culture because the clearly have or dont know their culture. Community education (sociology), is dependent on the cultural expression of human knowledge that has been repeated again and again. Alfred webwruses was studying in the sociology of culture and he came up with the term kultursoziologe which mean cultural sociology which is a specific branch on sociology which is entirely dependent on culture. Culture is a very significant concept found in many branches of sociology, social stratification in the fields of scientific and social network analysis. Is knowledge based on culture? Well I will have to answer no on this query, knowledge is not entirely independent of culture. People may argue that knowledge such as traditional medicines, herbs are based on culture and some of those herbs that the traditional men used to use are used now by the scientists to make the medicine we consume today and they end up saving lives. History, its the study of past events and the effect on present life. Some of the knowledge in history is independent on culture a good example being the creation theory which one of the three possible theories of the origin of the world is based on culture and religion. In Swahili culture , the Elders have told us to believe in the creation theory and that it is God who created the world in six days and life starts on the seventh day. Knowledge such as this is independent of culture and. I gained this knowledge just by interacting with the elders of the family and they told me all sorts of stories Knowledge such as mathematics in example has no connection whatsoever with culture and such knowledge is not dependent of culture even one bit. Mathematics is purely about numbers and in my case the Swahili culture the elders who are supposed to be the wisest of humans dont even know simple math like one plus one. So are our beliefs and knowledge independent of culture? To some extent YES! Why am I saying yes? Its simply because most beliefs are based on culture and example being me, most of my beliefs are based on my culture although I do have beliefs outside my culture like if I drink plenty water at one go It may react with my body forcing me to throw up so its my belief that we should not drink much water and slowly as well. Knowledge also is somewhat dependent on culture and an example being the community sociology which is a whole branch in sociology that focuses on just culture. I then come up with the answer that both beliefs and knowledge are dependent of culture

All Around the Town :: All Around the Town

All Around the Town    Mary Higgins Clark started her writing career writing suspense stories and she hasn't changed very much since then.   All her books are very interesting to read and they will always keep your attention to the end.  Ã‚     All Around the Town was one of the stories written by Mary Higgins Clark.   This book was a suspenseful, interesting, intriguing book.   It held my interest until the end.   The plot was twisty and unpredictable which meant that I would never get bored.   The story takes place in Ridgewood, New Jersey.   It takes place from June 1974 to about September 1991.   This effects the rest of the story because this is the time period that the main character had her abduction and her multiple personalities started to form.     The main character in this story was Laurie Kenyon, a four year old girl in the beginning of the story who eventually grows up to be a twenty-one year old woman.   She has blond hair, green eyes and a fragile little body.   Sarah Kenyon is present throughout the story.   She is Laurie's sister and helps Laurie deal with all her problems as best she can.   Bic and Opal were Laurie's abductors.   Bic had a beard and his arms had a lot of curly hair.   He was a very domineering person towards Opal and Laurie.   Opal had long stringy hair and had a plain face.   She was passive and did whatever she was told.   They were con-artist who fooled everyone they met.   They were mean and didn't care about anybody else but themselves.   Justin Donnelly was the psychiatrist who helped Laurie with therapy and helped find the real person that was within her all along.     The story begins when Laurie Kenyon was abducted by Bic and Opal when she was four years old.   They abused her sexually and mentally when they had her for those two, long, tedious years.   When they were doing these things to her such as sexually abusing her she would place herself in a different state of mind, which over time began to be her altered personalities.   She had four main altered personalities which were Leona, the woman in Laurie, Debbie, the baby or woos, Kate, the strong leader of the bunch, and Lee, the little scared shy nine year old boy who helped, in the end, bring all the personalities together as one.

Humang Genome Project :: Science Genetics Technology Papers

Humang Genome Project The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an internationally collaborative venture to identify and mark all the locations of every gene of the human species. The HGP in the United States was started in 1990 and was expected to be a fifteen year effort to map the human genome. There have been a number of technological advances since 1990 that have accelerated the progress of the project to a completion date sometime during the year 2003. The U.S. HGP is composed of the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institute of Health (NIH) which hopes to discover 50,000 to 100,000 human genes and make them available for further biological study (1). There are a number of other countries that are involved in the project, including Australia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom (1). Besides numerous countries involved in the project there is also a number of commercial companies that are involved in sequencing (6). The collaborative 3 billion dollar price tag will be us ed to sequence the possible 3 billion DNA base pairs of human DNA. The possibilities from the information that will be obtained from the project are virtually endless. It will most likely change many biological and medical research techniques and many of the practices used by our medical professionals today. The knowledge that will be obtained will help lead to new ways of diagnosing, treating, and possibly preventing diseases. Through the discovery of the human genome, the possibilities are endless for agriculture, health services, and new energy sources also. The end result of the HGP will be information about the structure, function and organization of DNA, as we know it today. Technical Aspects of HGP There are a number of goals that have been set forth by the HGP that they hope to have finished by their completion date in 2003. One of the first goals of the project is to identify the 50,000 to 100,000 genes that are found in DNA (2,3,4). The second goal of the HGP is to sequence the 3 billion chemical bases that make up human DNA. DNA sequencing is the process of determining the order of the chemical building blocks "bases" that make up the DNA of the human chromosome. This information will then be stored into a large database so that information can be used by other individuals'. The HGP hopes to then be able to develop tools for the analysis of this data.

The Spinx :: essays papers

The Spinx In a depression to the south of Chephren's pyramid sits a creature with a human head and a lion's body. The name 'sphinx' which means 'strangler' was first given by the Greeks to a fabulous creature which had the head of a woman and the body of a lion and the wings of a bird. The sphinx appears to have started in Egypt in the form of a sun god. The Egyptian sphinx is usually a head of a king wearing his headdress and the body of a lion . There are, however, sphinxes with ram heads that are associated with the god Amun. The Great Sphinx is to the northeast of Chephren's Valley Temple. Where it sits was once a quarry. Chephren's workers shaped the stone into the lion and gave it their king's face over 4,500 years ago. The sphinx faces the rising sun with a temple to the front, which resembles the sun temples which were built later by the kings of the 5th Dynasty. The figure was buried for most of its life in the sand. King Thutmose IV (1425 - 1417 BC) placed a stela between the front paws of the figure. It describes when Thutmose, while still a prince, had gone hunting and fell asleep in the shade of the sphinx. During a dream, the sphinx spoke to Thutmose and told him to clear away the sand because it was choking the sphinx. The sphinx told him that if he did this, he would be rewarded with a kingship. Thutmose carried out this request and the sphinx held up his end of the deal. The sphinx is built of soft sandstone and would have disappeared long ago had it not been buried for so long. The body is 200 feet in length and 65 feet tall. The face of the sphinx is 13 feet wide and its eyes are 6 feet high. Part of the uraeus (sacred cobra), the nose and the ritual beard are now missing. The beard from the sphinx is displayed in the British Museum. The statue is crumbling today because of the wind, humidity and the smog from Cairo. Attempts to restore it have often caused more harm than good. No one can be certain who the figure is to personify. It is possible that it is Chephren. If that is so, it would then be the oldest known royal portrait in such large scale.

Culture and Attribution Essay

Every country in the world practice their own cultural traditions and norms. Nevertheless, these various cultures are generally characterized as either individualistic or collective. Individualistic culture is defined as â€Å"a society in which the ties between individuals are loose and everyone is expected to look after himself or herself and his or her immediate family only† (â€Å"Individualism versus collectivism†, n. d. ). On the other hand, a collective society pertains to â€Å"a society in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong cohesive ingroups, which throughout people’s lifetime continue to protect them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty† (â€Å"Individualism versus collectivism†, n. d. ). These kinds of culture would be further elaborated in the duration of this paper. A group of business people coming from two different cultures work together but unfortunately, the project they conducted fails. This failure could be attributed to the fact that they have different beliefs and priorities. As such, they would also have different reactions as to why they did not succeed in this business venture. The ones who came from the individualistic culture would blame themselves and point out that it was their weaknesses and misgivings that cause this downfall. It could also be possible that they would blame their business associates and do all the possible means to protect the assets that they have invested on this project. On the other hand, those business people coming from the collective culture would blame the whole group for their failure. Since it is a group project, their shortcomings as a whole team could be the reason why they failed. Another possible reaction could be that they would propose that they work together to address the problem and to regain what they have lost from this unsuccessful project. Another similar incident personally happen to me in one of the group projects that is required in a course that I took. The professor assigned us to make a resolution regarding the issue of plagiarism. The group have to work together and each person must contribute their ideas on how the problem of plagiarism could be address. However, we were not able to complete a sound resolution due to the lack of group cooperation. This is due to the fact that some of our members did not attend the scheduled meeting, which is why only some of us made the resolution. Our professor gave us a failing mark that resulted for most of the members to blame each other. This attribution clearly shows that most of us came from an individualistic culture because we tend to think of ourselves and our own interest without giving due consideration to the shortcomings of the whole group. In another perspective, if this incident happen from someone coming from a collective culture the failure that took place would be seen as the responsibility of all members. Those who did the resolution also have their misgivings as they fail to remind the other members of the meeting. Furthermore, the lack of cooperation and teamwork of all the members is one of the major factors as to why we get a failing mark. The aforementioned incidents prove that culture has a huge impact in an individual. The behavior as well as the decisions of a person is greatly influence by cultural factors. Reference Individualism versus collectivism. (n. d. ). Retrieved July 29, 2008, from http://www. via-web. de/284. html.

Case Study: Performance Management at Intermountain Healthcare

Kuan-Chung (Bill) Wu HPM540: Professor Kamke HPM540: Case Study 3: Performance Management at Intermountain Healthcare 1. What is your assessment of the Performance Management system developed at Intermountain Healthcare? – The Performance Management (PM) system developed by Intermountain has become a model for many healthcare organizations. Intermountain’s PM system includes the following elements: 1) Identifying six most important performance criteria, 2) Developing goals for different groups within the organization, and 3) implementing the goals by creating an incentive compensation scheme.This PM system design has proven to be effective in many perspective, ranging from individual staff to administration and to the organization as a whole. First and most importantly, this PM system aligns Intermoutain’s mission and values/commitments to its employees and their performances. Their employees and administration do not just talk about their values, they live those values – committing to best practice with quality and accountability.Secondly, this PM system is effective in regards of beneficial and useful as development tool and administrative tool. The system not only allows administration to accountably designed, implemented, reached, and evaluated the goals for different groups in the organization, but also allows employees to engaged and contribute organizational goals by developing their career and earning incentives. As a result, different groups in the organization were able to remain focused on accomplishing all the goals as a whole team.Lastly, most employees in Intermountain had positive and fair views for the PM system. For example, employees in Intermountain expressed embarrassment, rather than complaints of not getting incentives, when they did not reach a certain objective, even it was missed by less than 1%. Lastly, this PM system allowed administration and management team at Intermountain to effectively and accurately m easure employee performance, such as using balanced scorecard and data shown in Exhibit 8 and 12, as well as the cost of providing services.The PM system created by Intermountain has served to be a model for healthcare organizations to face future challenges due to the Affordable Care Act as well as other changes in the nature of running a healthcare business. Lastly, they were able to realize the goal of recruiting and retaining the best employees. 2. In what ways could it enhance or detract from the organization's strategic objectives? – There were many ways this method could enhance the organization’s strategic objectives.First, the important performance dimensions were identified – these constituted the big picture of the organization strategy and allowed the big picture to flow all the way down to every individual staff. Everyone in the organization could all know about organization’s objectives and commit to achieving them. Moreover, as described in a the section of Clinical Goals, this system allowed the goals of five dimensions of performances to flow in a topdown fashion, the goals for the Clinical Goals were developed in a bottom-up fashion.This enabled the organization to have a continuous circle of performance management loop similar to Figure 10-1 in the textbook, which shows a linkage from organizational strategies to feedbacks collected from organizational results. The ways that this system would detract from organization’s strategic objective is the finance for implementing these strategies, as mentioned in last section of the article. The clinical performance improvement initiative had resulted in revenue losses.If Intermountain did not have enough cash on hand, this performance management system would not work so efficiently. The other way that could detract the strategic objective is that data could be manipulated to make the performances 1|Page Kuan-Chung (Bill) Wu HPM540: Professor Kamke looked well on th e graph/table/figures. This is because the incentives is generated by good data, and it is very easy for these data to be manipulated. 3. How are physician incentives at Intermountain unique? Why did they take a ifferent approach to physician performance as compared to other employees? – Physician incentives at Intermountain are unique because physicians are divided into two groups (employed and non-employed aligned) and incentive plans designed for each group have different programs. For employed physicians, three approaches were implemented for incentives: 1) Peer pressure, in which open discussion where held to examine physicians’ performance, 2) Public Recognition, in which best practice was recognized at the corporate level, and 3) monetary incentives for meeting clinical standards.For non-employed, aligned physicians, who accounts for 2/3 all physicians using Intermountain, the organization has adopted the strategy to engage these physicians through peer-to-peer competition and a reliance on academic literature and internal data in a given clinical area. Here we can see that there are a lot of physician communication and engagement for supporting physicians to receive incentives, which are different approaches than other employees such as managers and staffs who earns incentives through achieving individual and corporate level goals.In my opinion, physicians have their incentives different than just monetary incentives is because health care is a service business and physicians are the centers for providing different kinds of services to patients. In many cases, physicians are the decision makers who may influence the outcome of these services. Therefore, it is essential for physicians to know what each other is doing with transparent and evidence-based communications so the effective services can be learned and implemented by different physicians.Moreover, the increased communication would enhance the aspect of coordinated care which would help both the physician and organizations to reduce the cost of their services. The other reason that different approaches were implemented for physicians might be because they have already been earning high levels of compensation and need something different than monetary incentives, in contrast with those who are in healthcare administration. 4. How might this system also improve the performance appraisal process? –Performance appraisals are used to assess an employee’s performance and provide a platform for feedback about past, current, and future performance expectations. In Intermountain’s performance management system, there is a continuous goal development and implementation, as well as feedbacks to the senior management. The senior management team then provides recommendations for the group that develops the organization’s goal to make sure what the organization expects for everyone. In other words, the expectations, whether they are past, curren t, or future, are transparent to all employees.Another aspect that I believe this system helps to improve the performance appraisal process in its uses. The textbook states that organizations generally use performance appraisal process in two conflicting ways – administrative and developmental. However, Intermountain’s performance management system seemed to resolve this conflicting issue by its incentive compensation scheme. As described by Dan Zuhlke, the Vice President of Intermountain HR, the potential bonus or incentive is based on the fulfillment of the combination of individual level goals and corporate level goals.This helps to solve the conflict of uses because both administrative and developmental actions can be accomplished simultaneously under this system. Lastly, under the physician incentive system, open discussions and peer-to-peer competition allowed physicians to gain constructive feedback or improvement ideas from others. The physician incentive syste m essentially served as a virtual platform for care givers to learn what the expectations are. 2|Page

Rhetorical Situation Essay

The rhetorical situation consists of a few different elements that the writer must consider when planning and writing an effective essay. The reader must consider his or her place within the rhetorical situation as they critically read a work in order to better understand the work’s general argument. A rhetorical situation has four components which include audience, purpose, persona and context. The audience includes the readers who your essay is implied to, the purpose is the reason for your writing, the persona is the way the author is presenting themselves in their writing, and the context includes the factors that influence writing such as their background history. These components are what make up a rhetorical situation and without them there is no rhetorical situation.  One of the first components of the rhetorical situation includes the audience, which is who the writing is directed to. In this case, the audience would be our professor. According to the CSUS Student Writing Handbook, â€Å"Sometimes teachers will play the role of â€Å"interested reader† and read your writing just to find out what you’re thinking or to get to know you better as a writer and a thinker† (29). When our professor reads our writing it gives them a better understanding of the writer, their thoughts, and imaginations expressed in words. Every kind of writing has its own audience they imply to and therefore it is important for a writer to know who their audiences are. Knowing your audience helps you to make decisions about what information you should include, how you should arrange that information, and what kind of supporting details will be necessary for the reader to understand what you are presenting. Audience also influences the tone and structure of the document. In Craik’s article, â€Å"Memory Changes In Normal and Pathological Aging,† he states, â€Å"Declining memory abilities are reported by virtually all older adults and give rise to the greatest number of complaints about aging in older people† (343). This shows that the audience Craik is mostly implying to would be older adults because those are the kinds of people who experience declining memory loss. As stated in the CSUS Student Writing Handbook, â€Å"Your audience will affect your purpose for writing, the persona you take on, and the way you develop and organize your text† (29). This clearly shows how important audience is and  how much it affects the other components of the rhetorical situation such as purpose, persona and text. One of the second components of the rhetorical situation would be the purpose which is the writer’s reason for writing such as to inform, entertain, explain or persuade. The purpose of an article is typically included in the introduction to give the reader an accurate, concrete understanding of what the document will cover and what the audience can gain from reading it. According to the CSUS Writing Handbook , â€Å"A writer’s purpose could include the goals the writer has for her writing, the purpose that’s set out for the writer in a teacher’s assignment, and the influence of factors like the audience the writer is addressing or the type of writing† (29). The purpose can also be described as the goals the writer is trying to accomplish in their writing for its audience to know what the article is about. It is important for readers to recognize that behind every text is a writer, and that the writer has a purpose or reason for writing and a particular point of view. For example, in the article â€Å"Memory Changes in Normal and Pathological Aging†, the purpose of this article was to inform others how memory loss occurs as one ages. A writer can have many purposes such as to inform the reader by providing them information, persuade or influence, and entertain. In this case Craik was trying to inform his audience in his article by giving factual information about memory loss and its symptoms. Persona is another component of the rhetorical situation which is the way the writer presents there selves in the text. Many concepts such as the way the writer includes voice, tone, attitude and the words they use in a text describes the persona of an article. As stated in the CSUS Student Writing Handbook, â€Å"The persona you take on in your writing will depend on your purpose for writing, the subject you’re writing about, the audience you’re writing to, the type of text you’re writing, and the context for writing† (29). For example, if an authors tone is very serious in their writing with many facts, information and research included, then their writing would most likely pertain to people like scientists, doctors or researchers. Therefore, this is how the persona of an article can easily shape their audience because of the kind of tone the author displays. In the article â€Å"Memory Changes in Normal and Pathological Aging†, Craik presents himself with a  more serious tone and goes straight to the point. How he stated facts and statistics on memory loss creates the persona of his article. One of the last components of the rhetorical situation would be the context. As mentioned in the CSUS Student Writing Handbook, â€Å"The context of a rhetorical situation includes all the broader social, cultural, and historical factors that can influence writing† (29). This includes such information such as the background information of the author like where they are from or their history as a writer, it can include their cultural background, information on where and when they created their writing, or the history of the rhetorical situation. In many kinds of articles the authors clearly state personal information about themselves such as where they were born or other information to give their reader a better understanding of them. According to Bazerman, â€Å"The conversational model points up the fact that writing occurs within the context of previous writing and advances the total sum of the discourse† (658). By this quote Bazerman means that context can also include others past experiences that the writer has learned about. â€Å"Context could also be related to the type of text you’re writing—for example, in a timed essay test factors like how long you have to write and how broad or narrow the questions are will have a major effect on what you say and how you say it†, as quoted in the CSUS Student Writing Handbook (29). Therefore, not only does context include background history of an author, but context can also include instructions when you are witting a timed essay.   Whenever we write, whether it’s email to a friend or a toast for a wedding, an English essay or a resume, we face some kind of a rhetorical situation. The term the â€Å"Rhetorical Situation† is used to refer to all the features of audience, purpose, persona and context. These are all important elements that we need to think about carefully because it becomes a part of our everyday lives. Works Cited Bazerman, Charles. â€Å"A Relationship between Reading and Writing: The Conversational Model.† College English 41.6 (1980), 656-661. Craik, Fergus I. M. â€Å" Memory Changes in Normal and Pathological Aging.† Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 53.6 (2008): 343-345 Melzer, Dan, et al, eds. Student Writing Handbook. Sacramento, CA: Sacramento State University, 2009.

Performance Management Questions Essay

Answer only two (2) of the following essay questions (up to 5 points each). Direct, succinct answers are expected. Key words, not the amount of verbiage, count the most. Bullet statements are OK. You will be graded on content. Use knowledge from text, handouts, articles or lecture. Do not answer more than 2 essays. Cite main source of material – but no References page required. 1. Explain the Performance Management system, its main purpose and key components 2. Explain the three areas of a needs assessment – as it used to decide if training is the proper approach to an issue, problem – or new program – and what type of training is best. The three areas of training needs assessment are as follows: Occupational assessment(examines skills, abilities and knowledge that is needed to execute success in occupational groups) organizational assessment(determines level of organization within a specific division of a company), and individual assessment(determines whether the level of expertise of a single person are up to par for the job title they hold.) 3. In your opinion, and use of our text – what is HRM’s role as a strategic partner in an organization? Include several duties and decisions HRM would make in strategy.(NOT about HRM functions) Provide one example. 4. In your opinion – what is the most important Employment law passed – and why? I believe the most important employment law is the equal pay act of 1963. This law ensures that pay is equal between two employees regardless of gender, race or any other physical attribute not pertaining to the job. I believe this law to be the most important not only in the field of employment but also for civil rights.As it let the American people know that they were equally compensated in the work place and that no one is beneath another.

The Coca-Cola Company Financial Results Analysis Essay

The Coca-Cola Company Financial Results Analysis - Essay Example The first one being sales volume growth, structural changes, positive price/mix approximated at 3 percent and most important acquisition of the Great Plains Coca-Cola Bottling Company (â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company†, 2012). North American segment is a very sensitive market taking into consideration that the consumers have become highly health conscious owing to the escalating cases of obesity and other lifestyle diseases associated with high sugar and calories diet and beverages. This claim can be justified that â€Å"still beverages† recorded a 7 percent volume gain in North America segment while traditional sodas volume was flat as from the previous year (Choi Ap, 2012). This means that most Americans have found a new and better taste in less sugary beverages such as Powerade sports drinks and Fuze teas. North America is an important growth segment for Coca Cola Company and this explain the reasons why the company has become more innovative to find better ratio and alte rnatives to consumers who are health conscious (â€Å"Emerging markets†, 2012). For instance, Coca Cola Company came up with a mini-cans targeting consumers watching their diet. Coke Zero is another example of an initiative by the company to tap into the highly health sensitive north America segment as the drink stands out to the best alternative to traditional soda brands provided by the company. It is noteworthy that Coke Zero recorded a 9 percent volume gain in the North America segment. 2. The drivers of profitability Notable drivers for profitability during the third quarter were the global volume gain in developed and emerging market. According to Ziobro (2012), the coca cola company recorded volume boom in almost all its segments with significant volume growth in emerging markets such as India and Thailand. The company recorded a global volume gain of 4 percent in its third quarter earnings(Zacks Equity Research, 2012). Similar characteristics marked by growth in sales volume was evident in geographical operating segments considering that the developed and the emerging markets recorded a 2 percent and 7 percent growth respectively. Data from each geographical operating segment were as follows; Eurasia and Africa Group +11%, Europe Group +1, Latin America Group +5, North America Group +2, and finally Pacific Group +3 (â€Å"The Coca-Cola Company†, 2012). It is believed that the strong volume growth in different markets segments will play an important role in boosting coca cola company earnings in future despite the growing competition from key competitors such as PepsiCo. 3. Earnings per Share results Coca Cola Company reported $0.50 Earnings Per Share (EPS) in its third quarter report while the Earnings Per Share (EPS) of the previous financial year was $0.48 which demonstrates a growth in EPS though the company claims that it met the analyst expectation of$0.51 (Zacks Equity Research, 2012). The comparable EPS for the current third quarte r was $0.51 meaning that it fell short by $0.01. The increase in EPS in the current financial year (third quarter) is attributable to increase

Performance Management and Human Resource Development Research Paper

Performance Management and Human Resource Development - Research Paper Example This paper tells that performance management served to be the answer because this system is specifically designed to drive profitable growth. Nevertheless, organizations encounter the problem that their daily activities are not associated with their strategy, initiatives, resources and risks; that is why they developed the strategy-related process known as performance appraisal. The main thrust of this paper is to explain what is meant by the term performance management and show the importance of performance appraisal scheme. Performance Management (PM) Performance management (PM) has no exact definition for it is emotive, â€Å"meaning different things to different people and dependent on which level in the organization they occupy† (Cattell, 2005, p.157). Likewise, several research studies with regard to the handling of employees are not consistent with their performance indicators because of diversity in individual needs and workplace expectations that differ from country t o country. This process is a systematic approach that is interested in motivating employees’ performance and productivity, monitoring, and assessment of performance through performance appraisal system. PM has two management fields that is focused on the progress and success toward goal achievement, and these are individual behaviour toward the organization and organizational strategies. The first aspect is all about organization as a whole, its performance and the performance of the top executives (managers and heads). The second aspect is the performance of individual system; they are the individual employees that worked for the achievement of organizational goals and objectives. These two aspects are distinct from each other in terms of the covered scope and resources. PM on employee’s level is really necessary to the company and this process would be effective if planning work and setting goals are consistent all throughout the execution. Through these, appraisal w ould be much clearer to the employees particularly on what aspects they will be evaluated, and the consequences behind the good and bad performance. Because of these consequences, coaching/feedback is given to the employees right after their evaluation. This is what Hackman and Oldham (2002, p.123) inculcated in their job design theory which â€Å"contends that a person’s intrinsic motivation is affected by his or her psychological state...† The only way to correct de-motivated behaviours of employees is to reward them intrinsically by giving them positive or negative feedback. However, there are instances that performance management is hard both to the managers and to the employees of the organization. Managers in their part, they tend to avoid PM process because they are afraid that their connection with their employees will be put to risk once they give feedback. Also, on the part of the employees, they felt embarrassed with the negative connotations from their mana gers especially if their performance did not meet with the expectation, and so their pay or advancement will be jeopardized (Chladek, 2006).  

To answer three questions that were given Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

To answer three questions that were given - Essay Example After clearing high school, I got a good grade, which could have enabled me be admitted to the university; however, my dream since I was young was to attend a private college since I thought this were the best colleges, which offered the best education. The major problem was that the fees were too high for my parents to afford, I received letters from different colleges, but I knew this was going to be tough since my parents could not afford. After several sad days of thinking that I will not manage to go to the college of my choice, my parents broke the great news, as we were taking our supper. They told me that there was a college that was offering packages and they were in a position to pay for me. I could not hide my joy, even though I knew that I could not board like the other students I still appreciated the effort they made to make my dream come true. I face several challenges as a commuter, since I have to work when am not in school In order to help my parents through paying my tuition and buying books. My dream after graduating from college is to attend a law school, I have always admired the work of an attorney and therefore it has been my dream to become one. Moreover, my interest is to specialize in immigration or criminal law, many immigrants fail to seek legal advice since they are not in a position to pay for a counsel and that’s why am willing to sacrifice in order I can be in a position to help all the immigrants who will be seeking my legal services. I like sports since it has helped me to be physically fit and to keep myself busy when am not studying; moreover, it has helped me to be disciplined and confident, I have always liked swimming since I was little; I always hoped that one day I would join a swimming team. As I grew older I managed to join a swimming team, but the first days were very frustrating to me since I could not

The Ethical Dilemma of Maximizing Pleasure. Utilitarianism Dilemma Essay

The Ethical Dilemma of Maximizing Pleasure. Utilitarianism Dilemma - Essay Example My predicament provides quite a simplified and inaccurate version of John Stuart Mill’s principle of utility which states that actions promoting happiness or pleasure are considered to be correct whereas actions promoting unhappiness or pain are considered to be wrong (John Stuart Mill 330). According to Mill’s principle, my choice of going to Nuit Blanche instead of studying was the right one as I was able to maximize my pleasure. But, this situation is too simplistic and does not provide a moral argument for Mill’s principle. Let us consider the following thought experiment where a trolley is out of control and it is approaching five people who cannot escape the impact. Fortunately, you are next to a switch which could change the path of the train and save the five people. But, the other track is under construction and if you were to flip the switch, you would kill one construction worker. In this situation, Mill’s principle of utility would argue that s aving five people would result in maximizing the most happiness or pleasure and therefore it would be morally justified to kill the construction worker. Thus, the central idea of Mill’s principle states that the morality of an action is contingent upon its consequence. I believe that Mill’s principle is problematic because the notion of happiness or pleasure is subjective to every human being and this subjectivity creates problems when solving ethical dilemmas. In order to present my position clearly, I will first provide the benefits of Mill’s principle. I will then elaborate on some of the common objections and problems that his principle faces and demonstrate my issue with the principle and how its application fails in contemporary society. Mill’s Principle: Mill contributed to utilitarianism through reinforcing the view that individuals ought to take actions that produce the greatest happiness among people while keeping within reason. In contrast to o ther contributors to utilitarianism, Mill was of the view that the concept of happiness had differences qualitatively i.e. being directly proportional to intelligence of the individual. He argues that happiness is superior to contentment and one who experiences higher forms of happiness would not trade them for lower forms, â€Å"Few intelligent creatures would consent to be changed into any of the lower animals for a promise of the fullest allowance of the beast’s pleasures, no intelligence would consent to be a fool† (John Stuart Mill 21). He further argues that those who have experienced only the lower happiness are not in a position to objectively contribute to the question of which one is better (23). The gist of Mill’s principle is consequentialism; that actions are right based on the degree to which the greatest good for the greatest number of people is promoted. Benefits of Mill’s Principle: Mill’s argument of utilitarianism gives a yardsti ck to judge actions as either being right or wrong on the basis of the amount of happiness caused and to how many individuals. It thus can be applied in guiding actions that potentially raise ethical questions, where it can be argued that acting for the benefit of happiness for the majority of people is the right course of action; individuals should always choose to that which produces the greatest utility. While traditional consequentialism would seem to excuse any form of action as long as it produces pleasure, Mill’s principle is based on qualitative reasoning, establishing that there are higher and lower forms of happiness, hence sadist actions such as torture cannot be excused on however much happiness they cause to majority of people. Shortfalls and Objections

My plan for self fulfillment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My plan for self fulfillment - Assignment Example I consider this my ideal self, for this is what I aspire to do or what I think’ I should’ do. Similarly my self-fulfillment would be in succeeding in my said goal. Therefore, it is imperative for me to take appropriate steps in order to achieve my goal which would lead to my ‘Self-fulfillment’ and the achievement of’ Ideal-self’. In order to succeed in my education I must allocate appropriate timings to devote myself for study. It would be possible by realizing that my studies are more important than play or any other indulgences. At the same time I must also realize what my responsibilities at home are. This can be fulfilled by contributing to my household chores equally and enthusiastically and lending hands to parents and family members in daily activities. Thirdly, in order for me to succeed in my professional life, I must be sincere and dedicated in my work and must contribute to the society effectively with my job. Ultimately to balance all of these three aspects of my life I must know how much time and effort to allocate for which role. Therefore, if I succeed in achieving this balance in life, I fulfill the concepts of ‘self-fulfillment’ and

HR Management Manners Europe Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

HR Management Manners Europe Case - Essay Example One of the prime issues faced by the company was relating to the aspect of motivation to work. Employees were seen to be less serious about their commitment towards the organization and to give personal life more importance at all occasions. They fail to realize that at times when the organization requires employee commitment, it becomes necessary to put aside personal lives temporarily. When employees are faced with emergencies, the company realizes the situations and grants them leaves so that they can meet their responsibilities towards family and others. Similarly when the organization is encountering an emergency scenario, it is the responsibility of employees to put aside their personal lives and meet organizational needs. Employee-organization commitment is, therefore, a two way aspect.Tom Steiger, the Director of Finance, had cited an example to Wilman related to employees’ motivation to work. Tom said that the company was often late in submitting reports to the US off ice. A week earlier when the company was trying to meet the time schedule for accounting reports, Tom and two other employees decided to come in early on Saturday. One of the junior employees of the two had taken leave from the office after working for only two hours and then returned after almost four hours. The employee completely neglected the matter that the company was facing a deadline issue and it was required on his part to stay and help the other employees in completing the task on time.

The Concept of Bureaucracy as an Effective System of Organization Essay - 1

The Concept of Bureaucracy as an Effective System of Organization - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that various descriptions and concepts have been developed regarding bureaucracy. From the definition, bureaucracy can be described as a management system intended to handle the affairs of the state and organize the relationship between the state and the citizens. Max Weber, a sociologist, described bureaucracy extensively, and his ideas are more or less acceptable. Some of his works include the Rational Efficient Organization. While political scientists describe bureaucracy as state administration, the economists use the term in describing the non-market organizations. Â  To some extent, most organizations have been bureaucratized. Our mechanistic thinking mode has shaped the basic concepts of what entails a good organization. Such thinking has played a major role in defining how an organization defines its responsibilities and accountability involved. According to theorists, institutions, and organizations, bureaucracy can adversely affe ct strategies regarding the way through which they want to achieve their objectives. However, at times, those organizations and institutions may tend to disagree on how to shape and reshape their interests and goals. From an organizational perspective, institutions and organizations can easily endow the individual actors with interests and goals on condition that some specific features of an organization remain in place. Bureaucracy gives bosses control over their subordinates and subordinates should, in turn, follow the instructions. As a result, subordination and control form the major section of a bureaucratic system to form the organizing principles guiding decisions, directing actions and determining the outcomes. Each employee should follow the instructions given to them by their seniors. Research shows that bureaucratic practices create in peoples’ mind lack of curiosity, making them function only within some limits based on set rules and regulations. The bureaucratic mind will, therefore, being in control, use the authority to control reformation ability of the system. In such a system, no person has the power of initiating any changes or proposing drastic changes that can disrupt prevailing peace and order.

Traditional or Passive Education by John Dewey Essay Example for Free

Traditional or Passive Education by John Dewey Essay A Canadian politician, Harold Taylor, once said Most of the important experiences that truly educate cannot be arranged a head of time with any precision. This quote imitates the lessons explained by John Dewey in his 1938 book Experience and Education; moreover, he refers to how ineffective traditional education can be opposed to progressive education which is based off personal experience and understanding of useful interactions. Traditional education is based off the idea that a teacher lectures students about subjects that do not have any bearing towards them or understanding of the subject. Information is almost being fed to the developing minds and this information is being taught by an individual who is teaching off their own experiences as well as the written criteria. Books, especially textbooks, are the chief representatives of the lore and wisdom of the past, while teachers are the organs through which pupils are brought into effective connection with the material. Teachers are the agents through which knowledge and skills are communicated and rules of conduct enforced. (18) This quote reflects that the information in a text book can only do so much and teachers are the ones who are supposed to fill in the gaps and explain why things happen the way they did. Traditional education is seen as one sided and John Dewey did not agree with this being the best method of learning for developing minds. An example would be a teacher explaining how important it is to recycle and use less paper products to save trees, but students have no idea how many trees are being torn down or what they are doing by recycling. Recycling means nothing to the students because they have no experience with recycling. This method of teaching can be inaccurate due to the quality of the teacher or the one sidedness of the teachers experience. John Dewey believed progressive education is a better method of learning. Progressive learning is learning from ones own experiences. Students would retain information from their own experiences and then thirst for knowledge about those experiences they have encountered. As an individual passes from one situation to another, his world, his environment, expands or contracts. He does not find himself living in another world but in a different part or aspect of one and the same world. What he has learned in the way of  knowledge and skill in one situation becomes an instrument of understanding and dealing effectively with the situations which follow. (44) This type of learning helps students relate past experiences to their education. Once again going back to recycling, if you show a student and explain how many North American forests are being cut down for lumber and paper products and show the complete process they will be aware of how important our earth is to our survival; therefore, the students will now want to recycle actively. Progressive learning is based off students first hand experiences and if they can experience or witness the act or process they have a much better chance of retaining the information. In summary traditional learning is seen as the biggest form of education and can be inaccurate do to the level of instructor; however, John Deweys progressive model of learning is valuable to all types of education because an instructor does not even have to be present for a student to learn because they have past encounters to refer to and make decisions based off those. Experience and Education made good observations; consequently, experiences in life are the best forms of education. Work Cited Dewey, John (1938). Experience and Education. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company

Generation Gap Essay Example for Free

Generation Gap Essay Since the industrial revolution was experienced in the United States, technological evolution has caused generation gaps between people. Advances such as computers and the Internet, space research and security systems are but a few of the systems that continue to evolve beyond the capacity of yesterdays technology-savvy people. Televisions in 2011 are quite complex. Even people who use gaming systems that have progressed from old joysticks to the reading of a persons physical movement for game play have surpassed those who were satisfied with the less complicated systems. Clothing The evolution of clothing promotes gaps between generations, and has done so for years. This is often led by movie stars, rock stars and other artists. Ingenuity in clothing and the desire for the next item in demand continues to push clothing to new limits. What was once considered risque by grandparents is now acceptable and worn daily by grandchildren. As clothing changes and evolves, this generation gap often finds itself thriving in between parents and their children. Language Language has been evolving for thousands of years. Nouns have become verbs; this often aligns with the technology evolution, along with increasing exposure to the Internet. Social sites and chat rooms have encouraged a new generation of language founded on acronyms and shortened phrases. Many people who are unfamiliar with this find themselves lost on social media sites and in chat rooms. Some of this language is carrying into the daily speech of some people. Oftentimes, questions are answered with, I dont know, just Google it. Music Always evolving, music has often been blamed for opening the gap between different generations. Messages change, styles change and there is always a push for the development of a new sound. Music brings back memories that people tend to hang on to. Because of this connection, people have a tendency to hang onto the music of their generation and may eventually find distaste in the music of other generations. This creates widening gaps between generations, some of which have been monumental. Over the course of 20 years, the telephone has evolved and taken on tremendous changes. Gone are the days of circular dials; in are the smartphones that think for themselves. It is because of the evolution of technology that generation gaps exist between the two different types of phones. People experience the same circumstances. The evolution of technology, clothing, language and music are classic examples of causes of generation gaps.

Digital Marketing Presents Opportunities And Challenges

Digital Marketing Presents Opportunities And Challenges Digital marketing entails interaction with known customers and others in the marketing channel, on a one to one basis, often in real time, to maintain value-laden relationships and to generate a measurable response and/or transactions using electronic network tools and technologies (Kotler et al. 2008, p525). This essay will focus on the discussion of the opportunities and challenges in organizations which are will use digital marketing techniques and discuss the ways that they can plan and implement digital marketing tools in their marketing activities. This essay will also provide two organizations that have introduced and adopt digital marketing. Moreover, this essay will give an analysis of comparison between two organizations which use digital marketing concept. The intention of discussion is to know more about the digital marketing concept in some organizations and also opportunities and challenges of using digital marketing. Besides, this essay also intention to compare which is the best digital marketing strategy. The concept of digital marketing has increasing in many organizations and become more popular and important than before. But there are some opportunities and challenges in order to using this concept in organizations. Many writers has different evaluate in these concept, according to Klososky (2012, p45) Social technology tools are multi-faceted, and have the ability to change an economy that it is in chaos to one that is manageable and predictable. That statement means that digital marketing has opportunities and challenges in business to manage and helps some company to increase their sales by using social technology, such as social networking, social media, and social relevance. More specifically is explained by Cristian et al. (2008, pp983-4) digital marketing opportunities for organizations is separated to pull and push digital marketing, which is the pull digital marketing are includes blog marketing, advertising and personal interactive television and smart advertisement on th e web. While the push digital marketing is includes mobile marketing, text messaging marketing, multimedia messaging and the broadcasting of recent news (RSS). Moreover, Rapson (2010, p25) stated A common problem in this wealth of technology options, is choosing the right solution for specific marketing goals and data needs. This statement tells about the challenges of digital marketing which is understand digital marketing tools and common trend using different tools. In overall, many people agree that opportunity of digital marketing is in electronic channels which are related to social technology and the challenge is about its digital marketing tools. These points of view is clearly clarified what is opportunities and challenges that facing the digital marketing. Digital marketing tools are considered so valuable in marketing activities, especially in some organizations that depend on technologies. Moreover, digital marketing tools give many advantages to company, for example to increase their revenues. As though stated by Klososky (2012, p42) Social tools can be compare to web itself, inasmuch as there are benefits for every department. There are some ways to get those benefits. First, building productive websites is important for people to get an admission to record information or control business dealing; it is purpose to not maximize a continuous connection (Klososky 2012, p42). Second is providing social technologies, it is needs to make good relationship with customers and increase their beliefs (Klososky 2012, p42). Third, mobile tools is necessary for all of organizations because can make an easily communication with clients (Klososky 2012, p43). Fourth is driving online traffic, it is very important to make business more famous and t here are so many steps to do it, for example some advertising, make a consistent and brand for the business, add favorite bookmark for business website and others (Klososky 2012, p43). The last is measurement systems is use for make decisions for results in organizations and it is to make an improvement (Klososky 2012, p43). In addition, digital marketing tool is growing and it is often used by organizations such as crowdfunding, crowdsourcing and crowdscribing, the similarities between them is their ability to tap into the power of the internet herd to get work done less expensively, faster and with more innovation (Klososky 2012, p44). Many organizations has adopt digital marketing concept to their marketing activities and they also have introduced it. There are some way to introduce such as by using E-service, it is explained by Rowley (2008, p527) E-service is deeds, efforts or performances whose delivery is mediated by information technology (including the Web, information kiosks and mobile devices). Such e-service includes the service element of e-tailing, customer support and service, and service delivery. E-service is often used by many organizations for examples newspapers are apply their information by technology tools and it is called digital newspaper. Newspaper has made an alteration from traditional print medium to use internet, this change is also influences the concept of digital marketing because in newspaper there are also an advertisement, banners (or leader boards), expanded banners, skyscrapers, mid page banners, etc. (Christopher 2008, p10). Organizations that had been adopted digital marketing on their digital newspaper are Sinchew-i.com which is the official website of Malaysias biggest Chinese media group. Sin Chew Media Corp. Bhd, and the one of most popular Chinese Web sites in Southeast Asia (Christopher 2008, p10) and the second is Gatehouse which has many community newspapers approximately 480. First, Sinchew-I.com has five different tools to introduce digital marketing which are AdText (hyperlink advertising on editorial-based homepage), AdWord (a dynamic editorial tool that delivers advertising inside the text of news content), AdQuote (expanded version of AdWord concept but placed at the bottom of the article) and AdTrend (an automatically displayed advertising message based on the current market trends and nature of the business news and current events: the stock market, banking, sports, weather) and last is AdBlog, the most recent format in which one advertiser per month is featured. This AdBlog can include video/flash with advertising and blog articles, etc ( Christopher 2008, p10). In the other hand, the Gatehouse is specifically on websites and use web 2.0 as their platform. Moreover, they also use Zope which is an open-source content management system, for the relaunch as well as to build dozens of others (Christopher 2008, p10). Gatehouse is also like google and uses it to advertise their website to make many visitors. They also participate in Google print program and google hotjob recruitment network.